1. HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)  Pronounced ‘hassup’.  HACCP = keeping food safe from accidental and natural risks to food safety.
2. VACCP (Vulnerability Assessment Critical Control Point) Pronounced ‘vassup’.  VACCP = prevention of economically motivated food fraud.
3. TACCP (Threat Assessment Critical Control Point) Pronounced ‘tassup’.  TACCP = prevention of malicious threats to food, such as sabotage, extortion or terrorism.  This type of malicious threat is also referred to as Intentional Adulteration within the US Food Safety Modernization Act.  Outside of the US, TACCP is more often called ‘food defense’.

HACCP

• HACCP is a set of principles designed to control and prevent food safety risks during food production.
• HACCP is not enforced or regulated by any single organization.
• The ideas of HACCP form the basis of every food safety management system standard that is in use today, including GFSI food safety standards.
• The principles of HACCP are codified (written down) by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in a set of documents called the Codex Alimentarius , a latin phrase which translates to “Book of Food”.
• FAO’s General Principles of Food Hygiene CXC 1-1969 contains the HACCP principles (sometimes called HACCP Codex).  Download the 2020 revision of the HACCP Code here: http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/codes-of-practice/ (click the green check/tick mark on the right side of the page to download).

VACCP and TACCP

• VACCP and TACCP are terms that emerged during the 2010s as standards agencies, government regulators and industry groups started considering methods to prevent food fraud and malicious tampering.
• VACCP is for food fraud.
• TACCP is for food defense.
• The acronymns VACCP and TACCP are designed to leverage the food industry’s familiarity with HACCP.  However, the critical control ‘points’ in a VACCP and TACCP plan are nothing like the ‘critical control points’ in a HACCP plan.
• The control points in a HACCP plan are operational steps in a food manufacturing process.  The points are connected to processes over which the food manufacturer can exercise direct control.
• For deliberate tampering (food fraud and food defense) the controls do not fit onto a linear set of processes, they do not fit the definition of ‘critical control points’ in HACCP.
• The terms VACCP and TACCP are falling out of favor within the food safety industry.  They are not referenced specifically within any of the GFSI food safety standards, nor within the USA’s FSMA.
• Instead of ‘”VACCP” and “TACCP”, it is much better to say “Vulnerabilities to food fraud” or “threats of malicious tampering (=food defense)”.

More acronyms demystified here.

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